python教程:安装python运行环境以及简单程序

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python教程:安装python运行环境以及简单程序: 大中小文章来源：万象互联更新时间：2011-8-18

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<p> <table style="BORDER-RIGHT: #cccccc 1px dotted; TABLE-LAYOUT: fixed; BORDER-TOP: #cccccc 1px dotted; BORDER-LEFT: #cccccc 1px dotted; BORDER-BOTTOM: #cccccc 1px dotted" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" width="95%" align="center" border="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="WORD-WRAP: break-word" bgcolor="#fdfddf"><font color="#ff0000">万象互联网络资讯网提示：</font><font color="#000000">python3.0已推出，但据说很多库都不能用了，建议使用2.6版本，我目前使用的是2.5版，与2.6版差距不大。</font></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </p> <p>python3.0已推出，但据说很多库都不能用了，建议使用2.6版本，我目前使用的是2.5版，与2.6版差距不大。</p> <p>注意：2.6版本开始，print需要加上括号，否则会提示语法错误。</p> <p>安装python运行环境：</p> <ol> <li>下载for windows的安装包，http://www.python.org/，不过，正式对外的下载地址被和谐了，请移步到这里下载：<font color="#0054b3">http://www.python.org/ftp/python/</font> </li> <li>运行下载的.msi文件执行安装程序，默认会安装在系统盘符:/python25目录下，当然你可以更改该目录，但建议使用默认值，安装完成后会自动注册环境变量 </li> </ol> <p>运行cmd，执行python：</p> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_403661"> <div class="lines"> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>1</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">D:\>python </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>2</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Sep 19 2006, 09:52:17) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>3</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">32 </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>4</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>5</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <p>表示安装成功，>>>为python默认的提示符。</p> <p>首先来一个经典的hello,world</p> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_982416"> <div class="bar"> <div class="toolbar">查看源代码 <div class="item copyToClipboard"><object id="highlighter_982416_clipboard" title="复制到剪贴板" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" height="16" width="16" classid="clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000"> <param value="5080" name="_cx" /> <param value="5080" name="_cy" /> <param value="" name="FlashVars" /> <param value="http://www.yibin001.com/wp-content/plugins/syntaxhighlighter/syntaxhighlighter/scripts/clipboard.swf" name="Movie" /> <param value="http://www.yibin001.com/wp-content/plugins/syntaxhighlighter/syntaxhighlighter/scripts/clipboard.swf" name="Src" /> <param value="Transparent" name="WMode" /> <param value="-1" name="Play" /> <param value="-1" name="Loop" /> <param value="High" name="Quality" /> <param value="" name="SAlign" /> <param value="0" name="Menu" /> <param value="" name="Base" /> <param value="always" name="AllowScriptAccess" /> <param value="ShowAll" name="Scale" /> <param value="0" name="DeviceFont" /> <param value="0" name="EmbedMovie" /> <param value="" name="BGColor" /> <param value="" name="SWRemote" /> <param value="" name="MovieData" /> <param value="1" name="SeamlessTabbing" /> <param value="0" name="Profile" /> <param value="" name="ProfileAddress" /> <param value="0" name="ProfilePort" /> <param value="all" name="AllowNetworking" /> <param value="false" name="AllowFullScreen" /></object></div> 打印帮助</div> </div> <div class="lines"> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>1</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> print 'hello world' </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>2</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">hello world</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <p>在此，有必要先认识一些系统内置的非常有用的一些函数</p> <p><strong>dir</strong><strong>()</strong>函数用来显示一个类的所有属性和方法，如:</p> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_920120"> <div class="bar "> <div class="toolbar"></div> </div> <div class="lines"> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>01</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> dir('this is a string') </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>02</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__ </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>03</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__g </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>04</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">t__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__ </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>05</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', ' </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>06</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>07</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdi </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>08</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">git', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lst </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>09</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">rip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit' </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>10</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">, 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', ' </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>11</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">translate', 'upper', 'zfill'] </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>12</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <p>基本上，以__(双划线)开头的方法，你是不能直接通过类去调用（但可以通过其它的途径去调用），它们相当于php类中的”魔术方法”。</p> <p><strong>type()</strong>函数用来显示当前变量的类型，如：</p> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_167634"> <div class="bar "> <div class="toolbar"> <div class="item copyToClipboard"></div> </div> </div> <div class="lines"> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>01</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> m=1L </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>02</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> n=1 </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>03</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> i=1.3 </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>04</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> a='123' </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>05</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> b=range(10) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>06</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> type(m) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>07</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain"><type 'long'> </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>08</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> type(n) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>09</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain"><type 'int'> </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>10</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> type(i) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>11</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain"><type 'float'> </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>12</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> type(a) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>13</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain"><type 'str'> </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>14</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> type(b) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>15</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain"><type 'list'> </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>16</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> type(type(b)) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>17</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain"><type 'type'></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <p><strong>id()</strong>函数用来显示指定变量的内存地址</p> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_282385"> <div class="bar "> <div class="toolbar"></div> </div> <div class="lines"> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>1</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> a=b=123 </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>2</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> m=n='123' </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>3</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> id(a),id(b) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>4</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">(3178240, 3178240) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>5</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> id(m),id(n) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>6</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">(5817024, 5817024) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>7</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> m='1' </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>8</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> id(m) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>9</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">5792000</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <p><strong>help()</strong>顾名思义是用来查看帮助的</p> <div class="syntaxhighlighter plain" id="highlighter_4333"> <div class="bar"> <div class="toolbar"></div> </div> <div class="lines"> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>01</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">>>> help(str.find) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>02</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">Help on method_descriptor: </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>03</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>04</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="plain plain">find(...) </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>05</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>06</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>07</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>08</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>09</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. </code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>10</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="line alt1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="number"><code>11</code></td> <td class="content"><code class="spaces"> </code><code class="plain plain">Return -1 on failure.</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <p>另外，python的语句块是用缩进来标识的，不像c/c++/java/c#那样用{}来匹分，初次接触可能会不习惯，但时间长了，你会喜欢上这样的风格，因为它会让你感觉看所有的python代码都是一样的，不会出现参差不齐的”括号”风格。</p> <p>开始我们的python之旅吧。</p></div>

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