Ubuntu下如何配置SSH服务器

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Ubuntu下如何配置SSH服务器: 大中小文章来源：万象互联更新时间：2012-9-23

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 环境 os：Ubuntu 12.04 1.安装 服务器端： sudo apt-get install ssh openssh-server ssh-import-id 客户端： www.163ns.com @linux:~$sudo apt-get install openssh-client 2.配置 2.1.修改ssh端口 默认的ssh端口是22，太扎眼，建议改成别的端口，比如3301。 修改 /etc/ssh/sshd_config文件 将其中的 # port 22 改成 port 3301 改完要重启ssh服务 www.163ns.com @linux:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart 3.登录 一般的登录ssh服务器的方式有两种，一种是使用密码，还有一种是使用密钥文件登录。 3.1.使用密码登录 www.163ns.com @linux:~$ ssh testuser@192.168.56.101 -p3301 testuser@192.168.56.101's password: Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae i686) * Documentation: https://help.Ubuntu.com/ System information as of Thu May 17 00:31:21 CST 2012 System load: 0.0 Processes: 73 Usage of /: 9.1% of 19.18GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 14% IP address for eth0: 192.168.56.101 Swap usage: 0% Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/ Last login: Thu May 17 00:22:04 2012 from 192.168.56.1 看到类似这些信息就说明登录成功了。 这种方式比较简单，但安全性稍差。 3.2.公钥-私钥登录 首先在终端执行 www.163ns.com @linux:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/jim/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): //这里需要输入你的passphrase密码，这个密码一会还要用到 Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/jim/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/jim/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: b9:8f:4b:e4:a8:39:9d:57:df:cb:4e:6c:79:76:db:7f www.163ns.com @linux The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | | | | | | | . | | S | | + .. . . | | ...+. . .= +| | .oo..o .+.oE| | o. .o.. .+o=| +-----------------+ www.163ns.com @linux:~$ 上传公钥 www.163ns.com @linux:~$ ssh-copy-id "-p 3301 -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub testuser@192.168.56.101" Warning: Identity file ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub not accessible: No such file or directory. testuser@192.168.56.101's password: Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '-p 3301 -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub testuser@192.168.56.101'", and check in: ~/.ssh/authorized_keys to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting. www.163ns.com @linux:~$ 程序提示你连接一下试试，照做吧 www.163ns.com @linux:~$ ssh -p 3301 -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub testuser@192.168.56.101 Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae i686) * Documentation: https://help.Ubuntu.com/ System information as of Thu May 17 00:48:35 CST 2012 System load: 0.01 Processes: 73 Usage of /: 9.1% of 19.18GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 15% IP address for eth0: 192.168.56.101 Swap usage: 0% Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/ Last login: Thu May 17 00:45:27 2012 from 192.168.56.1 testuser@demo-server:~$ exit 中间有个提示，让你输入先前的passphrase密码，只需要输入一次，以后就再也不用输入了。 ok，再登录一下试试，这次不导入公钥了v www.163ns.com @linux:~$ ssh testuser@192.168.56.101 -p 2201 Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-23-generic-pae i686) * Documentation: https://help.Ubuntu.com/ System information as of Thu May 17 00:49:08 CST 2012 System load: 0.06 Processes: 73 Usage of /: 9.1% of 19.18GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 15% IP address for eth0: 192.168.56.101 Swap usage: 0% Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/ Last login: Thu May 17 00:48:52 2012 from 192.168.56.1 administrator@demo-server:~$ exit logout Connection to 192.168.56.101 closed. www.163ns.com @linux:~$ 没有输入密码直接就登入到ssh服务器了。 看一下本地的.ssh目录有这么几个文件 www.163ns.com @linux:~$ ls .ssh -l 总用量 36 -rw------- 1 jim jim 1766 5月 17 00:46 id_rsa //这是私钥 -rw-r--r-- 1 jim jim 396 5月 17 00:46 id_rsa.pub //这是公钥 -rw-r--r-- 1 jim jim 222 5月 17 00:45 known_hosts //这是你所有访问过的ssh服务器的公钥信息，如果这个文件没有的话，下次登录时会提示你。 文章来源：<a href="http://www.163ns.com">http://www.163ns.com</a>，转载请注明！ 

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